Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Formation of Snow

Sonography Degree - Formation of Snow
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Snow is one of some forms of water based precipitation, the most base of which are rain, snow and hail.

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How is Formation of Snow

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Some theories of precipitation are based on the fact that all rain begins as snow, but that the snow melts into rain before it reaches the ground. Any way this occurrence will depend on the height of the cloud, and therefore the climatic characteristic at which the raindrops or snow crystals form.

Snow is white or translucent and can be powerful well from both rain and hail, the latter being a solid mass of ice formed in an entirely dissimilar way. Snow is made of ice, but unlike hail it forms as hexagonal shaped crystals within clouds. The crystals are often complex in their buildings and can couple to form flakes of snow in a range of sizes.

Ice crystals within the upper levels of clouds are not a rare phenomenon, but in order for them to be called snow they must have the hexagonal crystal shape, and they must also be large sufficient to fall to the ground.

In order for snow to form, three conditions are necessary: there must be moisture in the atmosphere; some means must exist to convert this moisture into precipitation; and the ambient climatic characteristic must be at or near 0 degrees C.

Moisture or water vapour enters the climate in three ways: straight through evaporation from wet surfaces (or straight through sublimation from ice or snow), by transpiration from plants and trees and by perspiration from animals and humans. The atmosphere's potential to consist of moisture is thought about almost entirely by its temperature. Warm air is able to hold far more moisture than cool air, and therefore when air is forced to cool by some means, it will lose its potential to hold moisture and condensation will occur, converting the moisture into water particles - clouds.

In the basic water cycle moisture enters the climate straight through evaporation, transpiration or perspiration, then, if the air is cooled, the moisture condenses into water droplets (clouds), ultimately falling back to earth to continue the cycle. So the remaining prominent factor to think is what would cause the climate to cool.

Warm air is relatively light and therefore tends to rise. Air which is heated by the sun will rise in convection currents and, as it rises, it will expand and cool. Air which is forced to rise as the wind blows it towards a range of hills or mountains will expand and cool in exactly the same way. It is also potential for air to be forced to rise above a front in a depression, or when two masses of air come together at ground level, in both cases warmer air will rise over cooler air.

The speed at which the air rises will conclude the speed of condensation, the height of the clouds being formed and the intensity of the precipitation. Commonly speaking the fastest rising air is that caused by convection or by air rising above a cold front.

So, to summarise, in order for snow to form, air containing water vapour must be caused to rise and the resulting clouds must exist at a climatic characteristic low sufficient for the water particles in the cloud to ice and form the hexagonal crystals which are snow. Furthermore, in order for the snow to fall to the ground as snow, the climatic characteristic at ground level must be at or about zero degrees Celsius.

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